TOEFL
atau Test of English as Foreign Language merupakan Tes Bahasa inggris yang
diperuntukan bagi mereka yang Bahasa pertamanya bukan Bahasa inggris. Ada 3
jenis TOEFL. Paper Based Test (ITP), Computer-Based-Test dan Inteernet Based
Test (IBT)
Format
TOEFL PBT
Listening
comprehension 50 soal dalam waktu 30 menit
Structure
and written expression 40 soal dalam waktu 25 menit
Reading
Comprehension 50 soal dalam waktu 55 menit
Listening
section dibagi menjadi 3 bagian
Part
A berupa short dialog dengan 1 pertanyaan. Ada 30 short conversation pada
bagian ini
Part
B berupa long conversation untuk menjawab 4 pertanyaan. Ada2 long conversation
pada bagian ini.
Part
C berupa long monolog untuk menjawab 4 pertanyaan. Ada 3 long monolog pada
bagian ini
Skill
yang dibutuhkan:
Untuk
part A
·
Focus
pada orang ke-2. Biasanya jawabannya merupakan restatement dari orang ke 2.
For
example
Woman:
“is today’s matinee a comedy, western, or romance?”
Man:
“I have no idea”
Narrator:
“what does the man mean?”
A:
he has strong ideas about movies.
B:
he doesn’t like today’s matinee
C:
he prefers comedies over westerns and romance
D:
he doesn’t know it.
·
Hindari
memilih jawaban yang pengucapannya mirip.
For
example:
Woman:
“I heard that Sally is just moved into a new house?”
Man:
“but Sally doesn’t have a cent”
Narrator:
“what does the man mean?”
A:
Sally doesn’t have any sense of responsibility.
B:
Sally has no money
C:
Sally is on the set with her
D:
Sally sent her to the house
·
Fokuslah
pada sinonimnya.
Woman:
“is today’s matinee a comedy, western, or romance?”
Man:
“I have no idea”
Narrator:
“what does the man mean?”
A:
he has strong ideas about movies.
B:
he doesn’t like today’s matinee
C:
he prefers comedies over westerns and romance
D:
he doesn’t know it.
·
Ambil
kesimpulan tentang who, what, where.
Ada
beberapa pertanyaan dalam toefl yang menanyakan:
Who
is probably talking?
What
will probably s/he do next?
Where
does the conversation take place?
·
Pahami
who dan what dalam kalimat pasif. Bentuk kalimat pasif adalah S+to be +V3 yang
biasanya S nya adalah yand dikenai perlakuan.
Active:
Ann wrote a letter
Passive:
a letter was written by Ann
Jika
dalam dialog kalimat berbentuk aktif, maka kemungkinan jawabannya dalam bentuk
pasif dan begitu juga sebaliknya.
·
Pahami
who dan what pada multiple nouns.
Man:
“Why is Martha going back home this summer?”
Woman:
“she is returning to Vermont for her sister’s wedding”
Narrator:
“what does the woman mean?”
A:
Martha is getting married this summer
B:
Martha’s sister is returning to Vermont to get married.
C:
Martha will be there when her sister gets married this summer
D:
Martha’s sister is coming for his wedding in Vermont
·
Pahami
makna ekspresi negative
The
patient was insane yg berarti insane=not sane=crazy
·
Waspadai
expresi double negative (e.g. not impossible means possible)
·
Simak
ekspresi negative dengan ekspresi perbandingan
No
one is more beautiful than she is = she is the most beautiful
He
is couldn’t be happier=he is extremely happy
·
Pahami
ragam ekspresi agreement
Agreement
with positive statement
So
do I.
I’ll
say!
You
can say that again!
Me
too.
Isn’t
it!
Agreement
with negative statement
Neither
do I
I
don’t either.
·
Pahami
penggunaan emphatic expression of surprise
Empahatic
expression of surprise menunjukkan bahwa
si speaker tidak mengharapkan hal tersebut terjadi
Contohnya:
manI
just passed 600 on TOEFL test
Then
you did pass.
What
had the woman assumed?
·
Simak
ekspresi saran dan ketidak tentuan
Uncertainty:
…..Isn’t
it(tag)
As
far as I know
As
far as I can tell
Suggestion
Why
not…..?
Let’s……..
·
Pahami
conditional with untrue condition
1.
If
he had enough time, he could finish the work “memiliki arti sebenarnya” he didn’t
finish his work
2.
If
he had had enough time, he could have finished his work
3.
Had
he had had enough time, he could have finished his work
·
Pahami
penggunaan ekspresi I wish
I
wish she were here “memiliki arti sebaliknya” she is not here
·
Pahami
makna phrasal verbs dan idioms
Contoh
phrasal verbs:
Call
off=membatalkan
Run
out=kehabisan
Take
off= melepaskan
Contoh
idioms
Piece
of cake=mudah sekali
Hear
a pin a drop=sangat sunyi
Roll
with the punches=beradaptasi dengan keadaan
Skill
untuk part B dan C
1.
Sebelum
mendengarkan audio Berusahalah untuk menebak topik apa yang dibahas berikut
pertanyaan yang akan diajukan
2.
Ketika
mendengarkan, temukanlah topiknya, simak jawaban dari who, what, where and when
3.
Jawablah
berdasarkan pengurutan dari awal dialog
1.
(A)
Before the Civil War.
(B)
At the end o f the Civil War.
(C)
At the beginning o f the twentieth
century.
(D)
Within the last decade.
2.
(A)
The Civil War ended.
(B)
The U.S. governm ent issued a large
amount
o f paper currency.
(C)
The price o f gold plummeted.
(D)
The value o f gold became inflated.
3.
(A)
The president.
(B)
The president’s brother.
(C)
The president’s brother-in-law.
(D)
The president’s wife.
4.
(A)
Issue greenbacks.
(B)
Sell gold.
(C)
Corner the gold market
(D)
Hold its gold reserves.
Pada
bagian structure soal no 1-15 , kita diminta untuk melengkapi kalimat yang
rumpang.
Engineers_____ for work on the new space
program.
(A) necessary
(B) are needed
(C) hopefully
(D) next month
1. Subject and Verb
Kalimat
dalam Bahasa inggris harus terdiri dari satu Subject dan satu Verb (nominal and
verbal sentence). Biasanya soal dalam toefl structure adalah tidak adanya
Subject atau Verb atau tidak adanya keduanya atau kemungkinan memiliki extra
Subject dan extra Verb.
The boy_____ going to the movies with a
friend.
(A) he is
(B) he always was
(C) is relaxing
(D) will be
2.
Object of preposition
Objek
dari preposisi adalah Noun atau Pronoun yang muncul setelah preposisi, misalnya
in,
di, in, at, of, to, by, behind, without, before, after, dan seterusnya,
sehingga membentuk frasa preposisi.
The
interviews by radio broadcasters were carried live by the station.
Hati-hati
dengan object of preposition karena dapat disalahartikan sebagai subjek
kalimat.
With his friend_____ found the movie theater.
(A) has
(B) he
(C) later
(D) when
3.
Appositive
Appositive
adalah noun yang muncul sebelum atau sesudah kata benda lain dan umumnya
dipisahkan dengan koma. Jika suatu kata
bersifat apositif, maka kata tersebut bukanlah subjeknya.
Sally,
the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.
_____, George, is attending the lecture.
(A) Right now
(B) Happily
(C) Because of the time
(D) My friend
______,Sarah rarely misses her basketball
shots.
(A) An excellent basketball player
(B) An excellent basketball player is
(C) Sarah is an excellent basketball player
(D) Her excellent basketball play
4.
Present participle
Present
participle adalah bentuk V-ing. Present participle dapat berupa verb atau adjective.
bagian dari kata kerja jika disertai dengan to be dan menjadi adjective jika
tidak disertai dengan beberapa to be.
1.
The boy is standing in the comer.
2.
The boy standing in the comer was naughty.
The child _____playing in the yard is my son.
(A) now
(B) is
(C) he
(D) was
5.
Past Participle
Past
participle adalah V bentuk ke3 sering kali diakhiri dengan -ed atau yang
disebut regular verb. Tetapi banyak juga V3 yang berbentuk Irregular.
V3
ini dapat berupa Verb dalam perpect tense, atau sebagai kata sifat.
1. She has painted this
picture.
2. The picture painted by Karen
is now in a museum
The
packages _____mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
(A)
have
(B)
were
(C)
them
(D)
just
6. Coordinate Connector
Bila terdapat dua klausa dalam kalimat
maka harus dihubungkan dengan menggunakan and, but, or, so, or yet di antara klausa
tersebut.
Tom is tall, but Paul is short
A
power failure occurred, ______the lamps went out.
(A)
then
(B)
so
(C)
later
(D)
next
7. Adverb connectors
Terdapat 2 bentuk penggunaan adverb
S+V+Adverb Connector+S+V
e.g. Ann went inside because it was raining
Adverb Connector+S+V+,(comma)+S+V
e.g. Because it was raining, Ann went inside
a. Adverb time
After, as soon as, once, when, As, before,
since, whenever, As long as, by the time, until, while
b. Adverb cause
As now that, Because, since, Inasmuch as
c.
Adverb condition
If, in case, provided (that), providing (that), unless, whether
d.
Adverb contrast
Although, even though, whereas, while
e.
Adverb manner
As, in that
f.
Adverb of place
Where, wherever
______was
late, I missed the appointment. (
A)
I
(B)
Because
(C)
The train
(D)
Since he
8. Noun Clause
Noun Clause adalah klausa yang
berfungsi sebagai noun
karena noun clause adalah kata benda,
maka dalam sebuah kalimat noun clause dapat berfungsi sebagai objek dari kata
kerja, objek dari preposisi, atau subjek.
I
know when he will arrive. (NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT OF VERB)
I
am concerned about when he will arrive. (NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT O
F PREPOSITION)
When
he will arrive is not
important. (NOUN CLAUSE AS SUBJECT)
Noun Clause Connectors
what,
when, where, why, how, whatever, whenever whether, if, that
ada 2 bentuk penggunaan Noun Clause
S+V+Noun
Clause connector +S+ V
I
know when he will arrive
Noun
clause connector + S+V+V
When
he will arrive is not important
9. Noun clause connectors/subjects
Dalam beberapa kasus, kata noun clause
connectors tidak hanya sekedar penghubung, tapi dapat juga menjadi subjek klausa pada waktu yang
sama.
Noun clause connectors/subjects
who,
what, which, whoever whatever, whichever.
Pattern:
S+
V + noun connector/subject+ V
I
know what happened
(noun
connector/subject)+ V+ V
What
happened was great
10. Adjective Clause connectors
Adjective Clause adalah klausa yang mendeskripsikan
sebuah kata benda. Karena klausa ini merupakan kata sifat, maka penembatannya
tepat setelah kata benda yang dijelaskannya.
Connector of Adj Clause
whom
(for people) ,which (for things), that (for people or things)
e.g. The glass that she put on the
table contains milk.
11. Reduced Adj Clause
Adj Clause dapat muncul dalam bentuk
teredukasi. Dalam bentuk yand dikurangi , connector of Adj Clause dan kata
kerja mengikutinya dihilangkan.
e.g
The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide. Menjadi the woman waving to us is a
tour guide.
Jika tidak ada to be atau be-verb
dalam adj clause, maka verb nya diubah menjadi ingform.
e.g.
I don ’t understand the article which appears in today’s paper. Menjadi
I don ’t understand the article appearing in today’s paper.
_____
on several different television programs, the witness gave conflicting accounts
of what had happened.
(A) He appeared
(B) Who appeared
(C)
Appearing
(D)
Appears
12. Reduced Adv Clause
Adverb clause dapat juga muncul dalam
bentuk yang direduksi. Adverb connectornya tetap yang dihilangkan adalah
subject dan to be nya. Jika tidak ada to be maka kata kerjanya berubah menjadi
v-ing
e.g.
Although he is rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar.
Menjadi . Although rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar
Although
he feels rather sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar. Menjadi
Although rather sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar
13. Invert the subject and the verb
with question words
Question words seperti what, where,
when, why, how yang dihubungkan dengan klausa yang lainnya, tidak menyebabkan
subject dan verb nya terbalik karna tidak berfungsi sebagai kalimat tanya.
e.g.
I don’t know what the home work is
The
lawyer asked the client why___ it.
(A)
did he do
(B)
did he
(C)
he did
(D)
did
14. Inverted Subject and Verb
a. with place expression
Ketika keterangan tempat berada di
depan kalimat maka diperlukan verb untuk melengkapi kalimat, sehingga subjek
dan kata kerjanya dibalik.
In
the classroom were some old desks
Place V S
b. with negatives
ketika kata negative muncul di awal kalimat seperti no, not,
never, neither, nor, barely, hardly, only, rarely, scarcely, seldom. Maka
subjek dan verb nya dibalik. Jika tidak terdapat to be maka Verb nya dalam
bentuk helping Verb seperti Did, Do/Does, will, have/has
e.g.
Never did I
miss a question.
Negative exp. V
S
Rarely were they so happy
Neg. Expression V S
c. with conditionals
Ketika had, should, were dalam bentuk conditional maka if bisa
dihilangkan dan Subjek dan Verb dibalik.
Jika If dihilangkan
Were
he here, he would help.
Tapi jika If tidak dihilangkan maka Subjek dan Verb nya tidak
dibalik
if
he were here, he would help.
The
report would have been accepted _______in checking its accuracy.
(A)
if more care
(B)
more care had been taken (
C)
had taken more care
(D)
had more care been taken
d. with comparison
Subjek dan Verb yang dibalik dapat juga terjadi dalam kalimat
perbandingan, namun sifatnya optional dan lebih formal.
e.g.
My
sister spends more hours in the office than John
My
sister spends more hours in the office than John does
My
sister spends more hours in the office than does John
The
results of the current experiment appear to be more consistent than_____ the
results of any previous tests.
(A)
them
(B)
were
(C)
they were
(D)
were they
1.
_______variety of flowers in the show, from
simple carnations to the most exquisite roses.
(A) A wide
(B) There was a wide
(C) Was there
(D)
Many
2. The wedges ____dartboard are worth from one to twenty
points each.
(A) they are
on a
(B) are on a
(C) are they
on a
(D) on a
3.
_____producing many new movies for release after the new season begins.
(A) His
company is
(B) His
companies
(C) The
company
(D) Why the company
is
4. _____that
Emily Dickinson wrote, 24 were given titles and 7 were published during her
life.
(A) of the
1,800 poems
(B) There
were 1,800 poems
(C ) Because
the 1,800 poems
(D) The
1,800 poems
5. Since an
immediate change was needed on an emergency basis, _____ by the governor to
curtail railway expenditure.
(A) so it
was proposed
(B) was
proposed
(C) because
of the proposal
(D) it was
proposed
6. In the
Morgan Library in New York City _______of medieval and renaissance manuscripts.
(A) a
collection is
(B) in a
collection
(C) is a collection
(D) which is
a collection
7. Some
fishing fleets might not have been so inefficient in limiting their catch to
target species_____ more strict in enforcing penalties.
(A) the
government had been
(B) if the
government had
(C) had the
government been
(D) if the
government
8. The Dewey
decimal system, currently used in libraries throughout the world, _____all
written works into ten classes according to subject.
(A) dividing
(B) divides
(C) it would
divide
(D) was
divided
9.
Individual differences in brain-wave activity may shed light on why some people
are more prone to emotional stress disorders______
(A) that
others are
(B) and
others are
(C) others
are
(D) than are
others
10. _____
squeezed, the orange juice in a one cup serving provides twice the minimum
daily requirement for vitamin C.
(A) It is
freshly
(B) If
freshly
(C) You
freshly
(D) If it
freshly
1.
(A)There’s no more
wood inside.
(B) The wood in the fireplace should
be put outside.
(C) There’s a fire outside.
(D) He needs to bring some wood
outside.
2.
(A) She worked late at a conference.
(B) Her meeting was canceled.
(C) She called a conference at work.
(D) She was late to a conference.
3.
(A) In a hospital.
(B) At a police station.
(C) At the beach.
(D) In a locker room.
4.
(A) There was too much room on the
dance floor.
(B) He enjoyed the room where they
went dancing.
(C) The dance floor was too crowded.
(D) The club needed more rooms for
dancing.
5.
(A) He could not understand the fax
machine.
(B) He wrote the letter that was sent.
(C) The fax machine was easy for him
to use.
(D) He was not very good with figures.
6.
(A) The woman hit her head on a nail.
(B) The woman hit his new car.
(C) The woman was exactly right.
(D) The woman bought the new car.
7.
(A) He would like the woman to help
him find his paper.
(B) He wants the woman to pat the
paper away.
(C) He needs the woman to review the
paper.
(D) He would like the woman to write
the paper for him.
8.
(A) Information about
the problem is
unavailable.
(B) No one has been informed.
(C) Everybody knows what is going on.
(D) Nobody is aware that the problem
is serious.
9.
(A) He did not sleep
well.
(B) He never woke up this morning.
(C) The alarm failed to go off.
(D) He needed a loud alarm to wake up
10.
(A) The pilot made an emergency landing.
(B) The pilot was forced to leave the
plane in a hurry.
(C) The pilot fielded questions about
the forced landing.
(D) The plane was damaged when it
landed forcefully.
1.
(A) To a concert.
(B) To a rehearsal.
(C )To a lecture.
(D) To the library.
2.
(A) One.
(B) Two.
(C) Three.
(D) Four.
3.
(A) The bus does not go directly to the
Music Building.
(B) The bus goes very slowly to the
Music Building.
(C) The bus sometimes does not com e.
(D) The bus will not arrive for a while.
4.
(A) Walk.
(B) Wait for the bus.
(C) Miss the lecture.
(D) Think of another plan.
5.
(A)A student in health services.
(B)A drug abuse lecturer.
(C)A dermatologist.
(D) A representative of the tobacco
industry.
6.
(A)How to reduce
nicotine and other 12.
addictions.
(B) How stress affects the skin.
(C )The effects of alcohol on health.
(D) How to achieve optimal health.
7.
(A) Alcohol.
(B) Nicotine.
(C) Caffeine.
(D) A reduced supply of blood.
8.
(A) It increases the
flow of blood to the
skin.
(B) It causes increased consumption of
alcohol.
(C) It prevents the skin from receiving
enough nourishment.
(D) It causes stress.
